Low-density territories face significant challenges in almost all developed countries. In fact, Korsgaard, Ferguson, and Gaddefors (2015, p. 11) argues that this territories are experiencing “the dark side of the unequal regional developments” since those face several structural challenges that affect their development and attractiveness in a declining cycle (OECD, 2006). Therefore, it is relevant to understand how to promote the development of those territories, especially in countries such as Portugal in which these territories are in a large majority. The few studies that assess the role of ecosystems in low-density territories has shown promising results.  Several studies (Korsgaard & Müller, 2015; Moreira & Martins, 2009; Sá, Casais, & Silva, 2018) have shown a positive spill-over effect in the community, territory and region, fostering the valorisation of local resources, economic and social development, and quality of life and, thus, overcoming the inequalities that affect these territories. In this session, I am planning to discuss the development of innovation ecosystems in low density territories in Portugal, as well as the role played by the different stakeholders, such as universities and local government.