(1) Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze scientific production, collaboration among countries, and research topics focusing on pediatric obesity. (2) Methods: The papers that were included in the study were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from Clarivate Analytics. A bibliometric analysis of several focuses, including journals of publication, subject categories, most frequent author keywords, and journal impact factors, was conducted. Social network analysis was used to recognize collaboration groups between countries and the co-occurrences of author keywords. (3) Results: A total of 12,171 research articles were published in 2036 journals classified under a variety of subject areas, with pediatrics (27.7%), nutrition and dietetics (18.5%), and public environmental and occupational health (18.4%) accounting for the most frequent study areas, and Pediatric Obesity (309), the International Journal of Obesity (299), and BMC Public Health being the most productive journals. The main challenges identified for pediatric obesity include general topics such as physical activity, nutrition, diet, and prevention as well as other more specific challenges such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, eating behavior, and cardiovascular diseases. (4) Conclusions: We observed a growth rate in the number of published articles of 59.8%, which serves as evidence of the importance of the topic. The number of funded papers also doubled from 2010 to 2019. There has been significant global collaboration on the topic, with countries across five continents being involved. The results of the thematic analysis reveal the importance of exercise and nutrition-related topics along with specialized health terms and terms related to public health.which serves as evidence of the importance of the topic. The number of funded papers also doubledfrom 2010 to 2019. There has been significant global collaboration on the topic, with countries acrossfive continents being involved. The results of the thematic analysis reveal the importance of exercise and nutrition-related topics along with specialized health terms and terms related to public health.