This work proposes a theoretical framework which integrates the literature on scientific and technological networks’ co-evolution (Murray, 2002), “duality” of people and groups (Breiger, 1974; Lazega et al. 2008), and the “Triple Helix” of innovation (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff 1997, 2000). The paper highlights: a) how scientific and technological communities evolve, b) what are their point(s) of contact, c) what “avenue” networks allows for the science-technology overlap and co-evolution, and d) how the evolution of these networks may be studied by considering a “chain of dualities” between people, groups/organizations, and their institutional sphere(s). The inter-personal, inter-organizational and inter-institutional spheres are regarded as evolving in an interdependent manner.