Over 90% of clinical trials for cancer disease drugs fail. It is therefore necessary to increase understanding about the factors that increase the success of drug development. In the present thesis, this issue is addressed from the perspective of Innovation Studies. To this end, 103 articles related to clinical trials, published in innovation journals (1984–2021), are revised systematically. The existing findings are summarised, the studies are classified into categories and some suggestions for potential theoretical and methodological advances in Innovation Studies are provided.
This is an on-going study in which we explore inductively start-up coaches’ role in developing an entrepreneurial identity in researchers and having impact in research institutions. Our initial working hypothesis was that start-up coaches can play a relevant role in embedding an entrepreneurial mindset in researchers, or steering researchers towards an entrepreneurial horizon. Contrary to our working hypothesis, we found that start-up coaches’ strong commitment with neutrality prevents them from doing so.
In this talk, I will explore the development of DNA sequencing as a scientific practice from the mid-1980s onwards. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, I will show that this practice was organised in a variety of ways and that this variety both extends and qualifies the epic history that the proponents of the Human Genome Project mobilised. One of the points of divergence between our stories is that, in my investigation, the sequencing of human DNA was often connected to medical problems.
We revisit the well-known fact that richer countries tend to produce a larger variety of goods and analyze economic development through (export) diversification. We show that countries are more likely to enter ‘nearby’ industries, i.e., industries that require fewer new occupations. To rationalize this finding, we develop a small open economy (SOE) model of economic development at the extensive industry margin. In our model, industries differ in their input requirements of non-tradeable occupations or tasks.
Artificial intelligence (AI) can make important contributions to scientific research by performing functional tasks such as reviewing prior literature, classifying digital data, or developing new drug compounds. There is less evidence, however, on the potential of AI as a mechanism to manage human workers who perform such research tasks.
Las interrelaciones arte, ciencia tecnología no deben ni pueden entenderse como saberes escindidos, pues son la génesis y el fundamento conceptual del nacimiento del pensamiento moderno, el abordaje humanista del conocimiento bebe de ahí, y en la era de lo digital la necesidad de la conformación del saber, su alcance innovador hacer más necesario que nunca la transdisciplinaridad de saberes para construir un mundo sostenible.
Las tecnologías de edición genómica se están desarrollando rápidamente y prometen avances significativos para la biomedicina, la agricultura y otros campos. En un primer estudio, analizamos desde una perspectiva macroscópica el proceso de innovación de seis tecnologías genómicas: vectores virales, RNAi, TALEN, meganucleasas, ZFN y CRISPR/Cas para comprender cómo evolucionó la innovación y qué instituciones influyeron en las trayectorias de investigación.
Alliance Manchester Business School - University of Manchester
Las políticas de innovación se han orientado recientemente hacia un planteamiento más transformador que reconoce la centralidad de la innovación para la resolución de grandes retos sociales. La idea de misiones, en particular, ha cobrado mucho protagonismo en el diseño de políticas de innovación en la Unión Europea y también en muchos de sus estados miembros. Sin embargo, la idea de misiones o políticas transformadoras plantean interrogaciones sobre su implementación, las herramientas a utilizar y, en particular, su relevancia para las políticas de cohesión territorial.
The seminar will offer the opportunity to discuss policy evaluation through a realistic approach. Why is science policy hard to evaluate and how can the critical realism offer some solutions? Empirically, the seminar will bring forward the findings of the research carried out when evaluating the highly reputational Spain’s performance based institutional funding programme, the “Centres of Excellence Severo Ochoa”, and it will discuss how to bring into the public employees’ identity, the researcher’s one.
